Alexander Calder
(American, 1898 - 1976)
The next step in sculpture is motion,
said Alexander Calder, who was one of the preeminent sculptors of the 20th century. He was well-known for his static self-supporting abstract “stabile” sculptures. A fourth-generation artist and son of Alexander Sterling Calder, he is credited with introducing movement into three-dimensional works, initially through performances of his hand-activated single wire “Circus” figures (“Cirque Calder”) with motorized works. His iconic stabiles—painted sheet metal and wire mobiles activated by air currents—were first shown in America in 1932.
Though Calder is perhaps best known for his stabiles, he also created paintings, gouaches, theater sets, jewelry designs, rugs, and tapestries. As a young man, Calder earned a degree in mechanical engineering and published a drawing manual entitled Animal Sketching before establishing himself in Paris in the 1920s and 30s, during which time he was dubbed the “King of Wire” for his three-dimensional animal creations. The forms in Calder’s work include organic shapes derived from the natural world, as well as geometric forms, including discs and spheres, many painted in his famous “Calder red,” yellow, and blue. Calder was never fully aligned with any one particular art movement, but achieve immense popularity—which, at times, subjected him to critical rebuke. He left behind a prodigious output upon his passing in 1976, just weeks after the opening of a major retrospective at the Whitney Museum of American Art.
